All American Self Defense

Pepper Spray - from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2010-10-02T11:41:00.000-07:00

This article is about the chemical compound. For agent used in riot control, see Pepper-spray projectile.

Pepper spray, also known as OC spray (from "Oleoresin Capsicum"), OC gas, and capsicum spray, is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and even temporary blindness) that is used in riot control, crowd control, and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears.

Although considered a less lethal agent, it may be deadly in rare cases, and concerns have been raised about a number of deaths where being pepper sprayed may have been a contributing factor.^[1]

The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, including chilis. Extraction of oleoresin capsicum from peppers involves finely ground capsicum, from which capsaicin is extracted in an organic solvent such as ethanol. The solvent is then evaporated, and the remaining waxlike resin is the oleoresin capsicum. An emulsifier such as propylene glycol is used to suspend the OC in water, and pressurized to make it aerosol in pepper spray. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is used to measure the amount of capsaicin within pepper sprays. Scoville Heat Units (SHU) are used to measure the concentration or "heat" of pepper spray.

A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, pelargonic acid vanillylamide (desmethyldihydrocapsaicin), is used in another version of pepper spray known as PAVA spray which is used in the United Kingdom. Another synthetic counterpart of pepper spray, pelargonic acid morpholide, was developed and is widely used in Russia. Its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear.

Pepper spray typically comes in canisters, which are often small enough to be carried or concealed in a pocket or purse. Pepper spray can also be bought concealed in items such as rings. There are also pepper spray projectiles available, which can be fired from a paintball gun. It has been used for years against demonstrators.

Effects

Pepper spray is an inflammatory. It causes immediate closing of the eyes, difficulty breathing, runny nose, and coughing.^[2] The duration of its effects depend on the strength of the spray but the average full effect lasts around thirty to forty-five minutes, with diminished effects lasting for hours.

The Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science published a study that concluded that single exposure of the eye to OC is harmless, but repeated exposure can result in long-lasting changes in corneal sensitivity. They found no lasting decrease in visual acuity.^[3]

^{The European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) published in 1998 “An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control”[4] with extensive information on pepper spray and tear gas. They write:}

^{"The effects of pepper spray are far more severe, including temporary blindness which last from 15-30 minutes, a burning sensation of the skin which last from 45 to 60 minutes, upper body spasms which force a person to bend forward and uncontrollable coughing making it difficult to breathe or speak for between 3 to 15 minutes."}

^{For those with asthma, taking other drugs, or subject to restraining techniques which restrict the breathing passages, there is a risk of death. The Los Angeles Times has reported at least 61 deaths associated with police use of pepper spray since 1990 in the USA,[5]. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) documented 27 people in police custody who died after exposure to pepper spray in California since 1993.[1][6][7] However, the ACLU report counts any death occurring within hours of exposure to pepper spray. In all 27 cases, the coroners' report listed other factors as the primary cause of death, though in some cases the use of pepper spray may have been a contributing factor.[1]}

^{The US Army concluded in a 1993 Aberdeen Proving Ground study that pepper spray could cause "Mutagenic effects, carcinogenic effects, sensitization, cardiovascular and pulmonary toxicity, neurotoxicity, as well as possible human fatalities. There is a risk in using this product on a large and varied population".[8] However, the pepper spray was widely approved in the US despite the reservations of the US military scientists after it passed FBI tests in 1991. As of 1999, it was in use by more than 2000 public safety agencies.[9]}

^{The head of the FBI's Less-Than-Lethal Weapons Program at the time of the 1991 study, Special Agent Thomas W. W. Ward, was fired by the FBI and was sentenced to 2 months in prison for receiving payments from a peppergas manufacturer while conducting and authoring the FBI study that eventually approved pepper spray for FBI use.[7][10][11] Prosecutors said that from December 1989 through 1990, Ward received about $5,000 a month for a total of $57,500, from Luckey Police Products, a Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based company that was a major producer and supplier of pepper spray. The payments were paid through a Florida company owned by Ward's wife.[12]}

^{Like Tasers, pepper spray has been associated with positional asphyxiation of individuals in police custody. There is much debate over the actual "cause" of death in these cases. There have been few controlled clinical studies of the human health effects of pepper spray marketed for police use, and those studies are contradictory. Some studies have found no harmful effects beyond the effects described above.[13]}

^{Direct close-range spray can cause more serious eye irritation by attacking the cornea with a concentrated stream of liquid (the so-called "hydraulic needle" effect). Some brands have addressed this problem by means of an elliptically cone shaped spray pattern.}

^{Deactivation and first aid}

^{Capsaicin is not soluble in water, and even large volumes of water will not wash it off. Victims are generally encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes.}

^{A formal study of five often-recommended treatments for skin pain (Maalox, 2% lidocaine gel, baby shampoo, milk, or water) concluded that:[14]}

^{"...there was no significant difference in pain relief provided by five different treatment regimens. Time after exposure appeared to be the best predictor for decrease in pain..."}

^{To avoid rubbing the spray into the skin, thereby prolonging the burning sensation, and in order to not spread the compound to other parts of the body, victims should try to avoid touching affected areas. There are also wipes, manufactured [15] for the express purpose of serving to decontaminate someone who has received a dose of pepper spray. Many ambulance services and emergency departments use baby shampoo to remove the spray and with generally good effect. Some of the OC and CS will remain in the respiratory system, but a recovery of vision and the coordination of the eyes can be expected within 7 to 15 minutes.[16]}

^{Some "triple-action" pepper sprays also contain "tear gas" (CS gas), which can be neutralized with sodium metabisulfite (Campden tablets, used in homebrewing), though it, too, is not water soluble and needs to be washed off using the same procedure as for pepper spray.}

^Legality

^{Pepper spray is banned for use in war by Article I.5 of the Chemical Weapons Convention which bans the use of all riot control agents in warfare whether lethal or non-lethal. In the US, when pepper spray is used in the workplace, OSHA requires a pepper spray MSDS be available to all employees .}

^{ASIA & OCEANIA}

^{In Hong Kong, pepper spray is classified as "arms" under the "Laws of Hong Kong". Chap 238 Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance. Without a valid license from the Hong Kong Police Force, it is a crime to possess and can result in a fine of $100,000 and to imprisonment for 14 years.[17]}

^{In India pepper spray is legal and does not require any license; however they are not sold over the counter and may only be used in self-defense.[18]}

^{In Iran the use of pepper spray is forbidden and is only used by police forces.[citation needed]}

^{In Iraq OC spray is carried by U.S. military guard force members working in detainee operations.[citation needed]}

^{In the Northern Territory of Australia capsicum spray is prescribed by regulation to be a prohibited weapon under the Weapons Control Act.[19] This legislation makes it an offence for someone without permit, normally anyone who is not an officer of Police/Correctional Services/Customs/Defence, to carry a prohibited weapon.}

^{In The Philippines the use of pepper spray for self defense is legal, and it is freely available in stores.[citation needed]}

^{In South Korea Pepper spray containing OC is legal; however, gas-gun types need a simple license to own. CS is only available for police and private security firms.[citation needed]}

^EUROPE

^{In Belgium it is classified as a prohibited weapon, and it is illegal for anyone other than police officers to carry a capsicum spray.[20] The use by the security services of public transport companies is also authorised after obtaining permission from the minister of internal affairs.[21]}

^{In Denmark possession of pepper spray is illegal for private citizens. As of 2008, police officers carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment. This was introduced following the shooting of a number of mentally ill citizens – in 2006 also killing 4 people[22] – who had behaved violently or in a threatening manner, leaving the police force in want of a defensive, less-lethal weapon. However, the police have also continued carrying guns, using them as frequently as before, causing the Danish civil liberties organization KRIM to conclude that pepper spray has not displaced the use of guns, but merely added to the arsenal of weapons of the police force.[23]}

^{In Finland it is classified as a device governed by the firearm act and possession of pepper spray requires a license. Licenses are issued for defensive purposes and to individuals working jobs where such a device is needed such as the private security sector[24] The Finnish Supreme Court, although, has recently ruled in KKO:2010:7 that owning a pepper spray in itself is not a punishable act; but on the other hand, carrying one can be punished as a device capable of harming other people.}

^{In Germany pepper sprays labeled for the purpose of defense against animals may be owned and carried by anyone (even minors). Such sprays are not legally considered as weapons §1. Carrying it at (or on the way to and from) demonstrations may still be punished [25] Sprays that are not labelled "animal-defense spray" or do not bear the test mark of the Materialprüfungsanstalt de:Materialprüfungsanstalt (MPA) (material testing institute) are classified as prohibited weapons. Justified use against humans as self-defense is allowed.[26] CS sprays bearing a test mark of the MPA may be owned and carried by anyone over the age of 14.[27]}

^{In Hungary pepper spray is reserved for law enforcement (including civilian members of the auxiliary police), civilians may carry canisters filled with maximum 20 gramms of any other lachrymatory agent. However there is no restriction for pepper gas pistol cartridges.[28]}

^{In Ireland, an Garda Síochána have recently been given pepper spray in an attempt to reduce attacks on its officers, however they remain an unarmed force. Possession of this spray by persons other then Gardaí is an offence under the Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act, as the spray is legally classed as a firearm.}

^{In Iceland possession of pepper spray is illegal for private citizens. Police officers carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment.}

^{In Latvia pepper spray in canisters is classified as a self-defence device and can be bought and carried by anyone over 16 years of age, and pepper spray handguns can be bought and carried without any license by anyone over 18.}

^{In the Netherlands pepper spray is illegal for civilians to own and carry. Only police officers who are trained in the specific use of pepper spray are allowed to carry and use it against civilians and animals.}

^{In Russia pepper sprays are classified as a self-defence device (not a weapon) and can be carried by anyone over 18. Usage against humans is legal. OC is not the only agent used, CS, CR, PAM (МПК) and (rarely) CN are also perfectly legal and highly popular.}

^{In Slovakia pepper spray is classified as a self-defense weapon, and it is available to anyone over 18. Use against humans is officially prohibited.}

^{In Switzerland pepper sprays are classified as a self-defence device (not a weapon) and can be carried by anyone. Use against humans is legal. [29]}

^{In Spain approved pepper spray made with 5% CS is available to anyone older than 18 years. Recently adopted for some civilian use, OC pepper spray (e.g. one of 22 grams, with no registration DGSP-07-22-SDP, is approved by the Ministry of Health and Consumption).}

^{In Sweden, pepper spray is illegal for civilians to own and carry. Police officers, prison officers, and military police are allowed to carry and use pepper spray.}

^{In the United Kingdom, "Any weapon of whatever description designed or adapted for the discharge of any noxious liquid, gas or other thing" is a Prohibited Weapon, under S.5 of The Firearms Act 1968. The same act covers other prohibited weapons such as automatic firearms and rocket launchers, all of which can only be possessed by permission of the Home Secretary. Although legal for police officers, recent debates have arisen whether such a weapon should be legal for civilians as means of defensive purposes only.[citation needed]}

^{NORTH AMERICA}

^Canada

^{In Canada all products with a label containing the words pepper spray, mace, etc, or otherwise originally produced for use on humans are classified as a prohibited weapon.[30] Only law enforcement officers and individuals with special government authorization may legally carry or possess pepper spray. Any similar canister with the labels reading "dog spray" and/or "bear spray" is regulated under the Pest Control Products Act - while legal to be carried by anyone, it is against the law if its use causes 'a risk of imminent death or serious bodily harm to another person' or harming the environment and carries a penalty up to a fine of $500,000 and jail time of maximum 3 years.[31] Of course, the legality of using spray intended for animal deterrent on a person would be determined in court on a case-by-case basis.}

^{United States}

^{In California, the container holding the defense spray must be less than 2.5 Oz.}

^{In the state of Maine, criminal usage of pepper spray or similar products is a violation of law, however usage of said products for self-defence as well as possession are legal.[32]}

^{In Massachusetts, residents may purchase defense sprays only from licensed Firearms Dealers in that state, and must hold a valid Firearms Identification Card (FID) or License to Carry Firearms (LTC).[33][34]}

^{In Michigan, pepper spray is legal if it has less than 2% of the active ingredient, this decreases the length of the effects but not the SHU. Sprays containing a mixture of CN/CS are also banned.}

^{In the state of New York, pepper spray may be legally possessed by any person age 18 or over; however, it must be purchased in person (i.e. cannot be purchased by mail-order or internet sale) either at a pharmacy or from a licensed firearm retailer (NY Penal Law 265.20 14 (a)), and the seller must keep a record of purchases. The use of pepper spray to prevent a public official from performing his/her official duties is a class-E felony;}

^{New Jersey allows non-felons over the age of 18 to possess a small amount of pepper spray, with no more than three quarters of an ounce of chemical substance.[35]}

^{In the State of Washington, persons over 18 may carry personal-protection spray devices. Persons over age 14 may carry personal-protection spray devices with their legal guardian's consent.[36]}

^{In Wisconsin, tear gas is not permissible. By regulation, OC products with a maximum OC concentration of 10% and weight range of oleoresin of capsicum and inert ingredients of 15-60 grams are authorized. This is 1/2 oz. and 2 oz. spray. Further, the product cannot be camouflaged, and must have a safety feature designed to prevent accidental discharge. The units may not have an effective range of over 20 feet and must have an effective range of six feet. In addition there are certain labeling and packaging requirements: must state cannot sell to anyone under 18 and the phone number of the manufacturer has to be on the label. The units must also be sold in sealed tamper-proof packages.[33]}

^{In many (but not all) other states, pepper spray can be purchased at various stores and carried legally by anyone over 18. However, many states do not say anything about age.}

^References

^{^ a b c http://www.aclu-sc.org/attach/p/Pepper_Spray_New_Questions.pdf Pepper_Spray_New_Questions}
^{^}^{Effects Of Pepper Spray}
^{^}^{Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum Pepper Spray on Human Corneal Morphology and Sensitivity - Vesaluoma et al. 41 (8): 2138 - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science}
^{^}^{pg 35}
^{^}^{Los Angeles Times June 18, 1995}
^{^}^{ACLU, Oleoresin Capsicum, - Pepper Spray Update, More Fatalities, More Questions, June, 1995, p. 2.}
^{^ a b "Pepper spray's lethal legacy" in The Ottawa Citizen. October 22, 1998, p. A1}
^{^}^{Salem, 1993}
^{^}^{Smith CG, Stopford W (1999). "Health hazards of pepper spray". N C Med J 60 (5): 268–74. PMID 10495655. Archived at http://web.archive.org/web/20000817004624/http://www.ncmedicaljournal.com/Smith-OK.htm}
^{^}^{"Former F.B.I. Agent Is Sentenced to Prison" in The New York Times. May 20, 1996, p. B8.}
^{^}^{"Ex-FBI Agent Pleads Guilty in Conflict-of-Interest Case" in The Washington Post. February 13, 1996, p. A12.}
^{^}^{"Pepper spray study is tainted", San Francisco Chronicle. May 20, 1996, p. B8.}
^{^}^{Reay DT. Forensic pathology, part 1: death in custody. Clinics in Lab Med 1998;18:19-20; Watson WA, Stremel KR, and Westdorp EJ. Oleoresin capsicum (cap-stun) toxicity from aerosol exposures. Ann Pharmacotherapy 1996;30:733-5.}
^{^}^{"A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Treatment Regimens for Acute Pain for Topical Oleoresin Capsaicin (Pepper Spray) Exposure in Adult Volunteers - Prehospital Emergency Care". Informaworld.com. 2008-09-04. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a904014487~db=all~jumptype=rss. Retrieved 2010-05-30.}
^{^}^{Fox Labs: Pepper Spray Manufacturer}
^{^}^{Young, D., Police Marksman Magazine, July/August 1995 Issue.}
^{^}^{HK Laws. Chap 238 Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance Section 2}
^{^}^{"Magazine : Safety is a right too". The Hindu. 2008-10-19. http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/10/19/stories/2008101950020100.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-30.}
^{^}^{"Weapons Control Act". http://www.nt.gov.au/dcm/legislation/current.html. Retrieved 2009-02-08.}
^{^}^{"Nieuwe wapenwet (New Gun Law)". http://www.just.fgov.be/nl_htm/rechterlijke_orde/wapenwet/. Retrieved 2008-04-15.}
^{^}^{K.B. of 10 june 2006 tot regeling van het model, de inhoud, de wijze van dragen en het gebruik van spuitbussen en handboeien door de leden van de veiligheidsdiensten van de openbare vervoersmaatschappijen(B.S. 20 june 2006.}
^{^}^{Peberspray har hjulpet Østjyllands Politi}
^{^}^{Peberspray skal forhindre politimord}
^{^}^{"How your gun permit applications are considered". blog.anta.net. 2007-10-21. ISSN 1797-1993. http://blog.anta.net/2007/10/21/how-your-gun-permit-applications-are-considered/#sprays. Retrieved 2008-03-23.}
^{^}^{§2 VersammlG.}
^{^}^§32 StGB
^{^}^{Ministerium des Inneren on Weapon Laws (german)}
^{^}^{175/2003. (X. 28.) Korm. rendelet a közbiztonságra különösen veszélyes eszközökről}
^{^}^{Bern Police - FAQ}
^{^}^{"Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted (SOR/98-462)". http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showdoc/cr/SOR-98-462/bo-ga:s_1::bo-ga:s_2?page=2. Retrieved 2008-06-15.}
^{^}^{Pest Control Products Act ( 2002, c. 28 )}
^{^}^{"Pepper Spray Warnings and Laws & Stun Gun Laws". Peacemakerpepperspray.com. 1982-07-01. http://www.peacemakerpepperspray.com/page/894784. Retrieved 2010-05-30.}
^{^ a b Pepper Spray Laws, Pepper Spray, Mace}
^{^}^{"M.G.L - Chapter 140, Section 131". Mass.gov. 2008-10-29. http://www.mass.gov/legis/laws/mgl/140-131.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-30.}
^{^}^{"Pepper Spray State Laws and Restrictions". Misdefenseproducts.com. http://www.misdefenseproducts.com/Pepper-Spray-Laws-Restrictions-sp-6.html. Retrieved 2010-05-30.}
^{^}^{"RCW 9.91.160: Personal protection spray devices". Apps.leg.wa.gov. http://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.91.160. Retrieved 2010-05-30.}

What Should Parents Tell Children About Safety?

2010-09-18T15:43:00.000-07:00

Don't forget your older children. Children aged 11 to 17 are equally at risk to victimization. At the same time you are giving your older children more freedom, make sure they understand important safety rules as well.

Speak to your children in manner that is calm and non-threatening. Children do not need to be frightened to get the point across. In fact, fear can thwart the safety message, because fear can be paralyzing to a child. Speak openly. Children will be less likely to come to you about issues enshrouded in secrecy. If they feel that you are comfortable discussing the subject at hand, they may be more forthcoming.

Do not teach stranger danger. Children do not have the same understanding of strangers as adults; the concept is difficult for them to grasp. And, based on what we know about those who harm children, people known to children and/or their families actually present greater danger to children than do strangers.

Practice what you preach. You may think your children understand your message, but until they can incorporate it into their daily lives, it may not be clearly understood. Find opportunities to practice what if scenarios.

Teach your children that safety is more important than manners. In other words, it is more important for children to get themselves out of a threatening situation than it is to be polite. They also need to know that it is okay to tell you what happened, and they won't be tattletales.

IS STRANGER DANGER? THAT DANGER TO KIDS COME FROM STRANGERS? REALLY A MYTH?

Yes. In the majority of cases, the perpetrator is someone the parents or child knows, and that person may be in a position of trust or responsibility to the child and family.

We have learned that children do not have the same understanding of who a stranger is as an adult might; therefore, it is a difficult concept for the child to grasp. It is much more beneficial to children to help them build the confidence and self-esteem they need to stay as safe as possible in any potentially dangerous situation they encounter rather than teaching them to be "on the look out" for a particular type of person.

For decades, parents, guardians, and teachers have told children to "stay away from strangers" in an effort to keep them safe. In response to the on-going debate about the effectiveness of such programs, NCMEC released the research-based Guidelines for Programs to Reduce Child Victimization: A Resource for Communities When Choosing a Program to Teach Personal Safety to Children to assist schools as they select curricula aimed at reducing crimes against children.

WHAT OTHER ADVICE CAN YOU OFFER PARENTS ABOUT TALKING TO KIDS?

Parents should choose opportunities or "teachable" moments to reinforce safety skills. If an incident occurs in your community and your child asks you about it, speak frankly but with reassurance. Explain to your children that you want to discuss the safety rules with them, so that they will know what to do if they are ever confronted with a difficult situation. Make sure you have safety nets in place, so that your children know there is always someone who can help them.

TigerLight Non-Lethal Self Defense System Review

2010-09-05T10:15:00.000-07:00

The world can be a scary place; you hear about violent attacks by predators on innocent citizens every single night on the news and wonder if the next one will happen to you or someone you love. It seems to happen everywhere, in shopping center parking lots, on jogging tracks, right in your own neighborhood or even in your own home you could easily become a victim if you weren’t properly prepared to handle the situation. TigerLight is a powerful new self defense tool that lets you take your prospective attacker by surprise before they can get the upper hand, which could keep you and your family safe.

TigerLight combines a highly powerful flashlight, which will surprise and temporarily blind your assailant, with a military grade pepper spray that will incapacitate the attacker and allow you and your loved ones time to get to a safe location.

The TigerLight is so compact that it literally fits right in your pocket, purse or the palm of your hand so you can be prepared and safe regardless of the situation. You never know when an attack might occur, or who your potential attacker may be so having a non-lethal form of self defense that can be taken with you anywhere you go is crucial if you want to keep your family and yourself safe.

If you want to escape a potentially violent attack unharmed, you need a method of defense that is accessible, easy to use and effective against even the biggest attackers, TigerLight is all three of those things an more – it is an incredible innovation in the world of personal protection.

Do you want to get your own TigerLight? CLICK HERE...!!!

[Some] Frequently Asked Questions

2010-08-05T04:26:00.000-07:00

What Is Pepper Spray?

Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from "Oleoresin Capsicum"), OC gas, or capsicum spray) is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and even temporary blindness) that is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. It is a non-lethal agent that can be deadly in rare cases. The American Civil Liberties Union claims to have documented fourteen fatalities from the use of pepper spray. The active ingredient in pepper spray is capsaicin, which is a chemical derived from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, including chillis. Long-term effects of pepper spray have not been effectively researched.

The HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) method is used to measure the amount of capsaicin within pepper sprays. Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) testing is also used to measure the hotness of pepper spray, but this is a subjective test, which changes from person to person and does not measure the actual chemical percentage within the product.

A synthetic counterpart of pepper spray, pelargonic acid morpholide, was developed and is widely used in Russia. Its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear and it has caused some injuries.

Pepper Spray typically comes in canisters, which are often small enough to be carried or concealed in a pocket or purse. Pepper spray can also be bought concealed in items such as rings.

What Is Pepper Spray Made Of?

Pepper Spray is a derivative of Cayenne pepper. The oils are extracted from the pepper using a high-pressure process. This process leaves you with the active ingredient in pepper spray known as OC or OleoResin Capsicum. The pure pepper extract is then diluted with an inert ingredient that reduces the SHU or Scoville Heat Unit to get it down to a useable SHU for pepper spray. SHU is a unit of measurement that determines how hot something is. The rating goes from 1 million SHU up to 5 million SHU. 1 million SHU is detectable on the palette in concentrations as little as 1 part per million or 1 drop of OC in 1 million drops of water. All of our sprays are 2 million SHU and in much higher concentrations than 1 part per million.

What Does SHU Mean?

Scoville heat unit (SHU) is a term used to measure the 'hotness' of pepper spray. For example, one pepper spray might be 500,000 SHU while another is 1,000,000 SHU, which means the pepper spray is twice as hot.

What Are The Effects Of Pepper Spray?

Pepper Spray is an inflammatory agent, not an irritant like MACE. It causes immediate closing of the eyes and coughing. The length of the effects of pepper spray depend on the strength of the spray but the average full effect lasts around thirty to forty-five minutes, with mitigated effects lasting for hours.

The Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science published a study that concluded that single exposure of the eye to OC is harmless, but repeated exposure can result in long-lasting changes in corneal sensitivity. They found no lasting decrease in visual acuity.

How Do Defense Sprays Work?

Pepper Spray Unlike Mace or tear gas, which are irritants; pepper spray OC is an inflammatory agent. Contact with mucous membranes (eyes, nose, throat and lungs) causes immediate dilation of the capillaries. This can result in temporary blindness and instant inflammation of the breathing tube tissues and systematically cuts of all but life support breathing. OC also will create an intense burning sensation on the surface of the skin. However, OC will cause no lasting after effects. The effects last from 15 to 60 minutes. Because OC is an inflammatory agent and not an irritant it is effective on those who feel no pain such as psychotics and those under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

Tear Gas Causes coughing, irritation and watery eyes. Mace Triple Action® is a blend of OC pepper, CN tear gas and UV dye. This formula combines the benefits of tear gas with the "burning" effect of pepper to disorient an attacker. The spray should be aimed at the face of an attacker.

Pepper Foam is a 10% OC pepper formulation with UV dye that sprays thick foam. The foam acts to "blindfold" and disorient an attacker and cause the same "burning" and closing of the eyes as traditional liquid pepper sprays. The spray should be aimed at the face of an attacker.

How Effective Is A Defense Spray?

Pepper spray is effective in most situations, but not all. If somebody is under the influence of drugs or alcohol or has special training, (i.e. military or martial arts training) he may not be as effected as others.

How Do I Use My Pepper Spray?

If you have to use your pepper spray make sure you have distance between you and the threat if at all possible. Aim the spray at the eyes and facial region of the threat then release a 1 to 2 second burst of spray. After you have done this MOVE out of the way but keep your eyes on the threat. Pepper spray can take a couple of moments to cause a reaction and by watching the reactions of the threat you will be able to determine if you will require another shot of pepper spray. Boxers have a saying "Stick and Move" well the same applies here. Just remember "Spray and Move", "Spray and Move". Once the threat is eliminated seek help and call the police. You may also wish to get a Tactical Use of Defense Spray Manual. It is loaded with useful tips on using defense sprays.

Forced Cone: This is a variation on the popular cone type and is the best in most situations. It is a fine mist that comes out in a forceful spray pattern usually at distances from 8 to 12 feet. In the latest generation of dispensing actuators, the mist is made up of super-fine droplets of pepper solution. These droplets help to minimize blowback of pepper formula on you while the mist (looks like a heavy fog) penetrates the attacker's skin pores and mucous membranes for an experience they will not soon forget! This pattern actually spreads out to a width of approximately 2 feet at its maximum distance. This pattern covers the whole face and is absorbed into the mucus membrane with hot pepper causing the eyes to seal with tears, nose to run, excessive coughing, shortness of breath, etc.

Broken Stream/Heavy Stream: This type is a variation on the widely distributed stream type. Very effective at hitting multiple attackers, hitting them in the dark, in tight areas, e.g., through your partially opened car window, and helps with aim. The solid stream (similar to the water guns sold today) will blast an attacker with super-hot pepper! Through a partially opened car window you have minimum misting action that can contaminate you. If you miss, or the attacker was in a hard- to-reach area, you can "fan" this spray during discharge. Fanning is a technique for hitting your mark. You spray the stream then move your dispersions path from side to side until yon hit your mark! The stream also provides the heaviest blast of pepper (cans will empty faster). The pepper works instantly. Causes the eyes to seal with tears, nose to run, excessive coughing, shortness of breath, etc.

Fogger: This type of spray pattern is great for multiple attackers, crowd control, bears and home use. One disadvantage is there can be some blowback of pepper contaminating you, especially if used outdoors. However, the blast you would receive and the direct blast the attacker receives are quite different. Where you would tear and cough on a good-sized blowback, the attacker would be rendered incapacitated for about 30 minutes. You pull the trigger or release button, and "fan" your path back and forth hitting everything in its path. Picture a mini fire extinguisher! The pepper works instantly. Causes the eyes to seal with tears, nose to run, excessive coughing, shortness of breath, etc.

Foam: This type is excellent for blowback protection and immediate saturation. EXAMPLE: If it is windy, you can spray this with minimum to no pepper blowback contaminating you. A common misconception is that the attacker, once sprayed with the foam, can just wipe it away and continue to attack. This Pepper Foam is like thick, sticky shaving cream but with one addition, 5.3 million Scoville Heat Units of blistering hot pepper. He will try to wipe it off but it will be to late. The pepper works instantly. Causes the eyes to seal with tears, nose to run, excessive coughing, shortness of breath, etc.

How Is Pepper Spray Deactivated?

Though there is no way of completely neutralizing pepper spray, its effect can be minimized or stopped. As veteran chili-eaters know, capsicum is not soluble in water, and even large volumes of it will have little to no effect. It is, however, soluble in fats and oils, and detergents can be used to wash it off.

Victims should be encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes. Some of the oil can be washed off the face using a degreasing, non-oily soap such as a mild dish detergent, and a fan will provide some relief.

Some "triple-action" pepper sprays also contain "tear gas" (CS gas), which can be neutralized with sodium metabisulfite (Campden tablets, used in home brewing), though it, too, is fat-soluble and could be washed off to a degree with milk, and some contain a UV "blanketing" dye (little can be done against this, but its effects are not nearly as dramatic).

Is It Legal For Me To Buy A Defense Spray?

Since laws change frequently, it is important that you check your local laws to ensure the product you purchase is legal in your community. We will not sell defensive sprays to anyone under the age of 18. We cannot sell or ship a defensive spray (including pepper spray or tear gas) to New York, Massachusetts, or Wisconsin. Michigan has restrictions on the type of defense spray that is legal. If you are a Michigan resident, check out our Michigan approved pepper sprays in the pepper spray section of our store.

Is There Anyplace Where I Cannot Carry My Pepper Spray?

Yes. You cannot carry pepper spray on board commercial aircraft. This is a Federal crime that can carry up to a $25,000 dollar fine. VERY IMPORTANT! Some airlines have restricted the presence of pepper spray entirely. Check with your airline.

As a result of 9/11/01 you may have issues when carrying pepper spray into secured locations such as a Federal buildings, State buildings or anyplace where you pass through a security checkpoint. Although there are no laws that we are aware of you should use your common sense here and check with localities.

When Should I Use My Pepper Spray?

Although no defense item is 100% effective in every situation you will need to assess the situation as it happens. You should ONLY use pepper spray if you are threatened or your life is in danger. Please note that it IS a crime to use pepper spray to commit malicious acts.

What Temperatures Are Safe For My Pepper Spray?

Excessive heat or cold may cause the can to leak or burst. Therefore, do not leave your pepper spray in any area that may exceed 125 degrees F or drop below -15 degrees F.

Will My Pepper Spray Expire?

Yes. That is why we print an expiration date on every can of pepper spray. (except for the fox sprays, which expire 2 years from the date of purchase.) Usually all other sprays expiration date is 3 to 4 years from the date of purchase. Although the spray life is indefinite it does start to lose potency over time. Any use of the spray beyond the expiration date is HIGHLY unadvisable. We strongly advise you to replace your pepper spray every year! That way you are always assured of the potency of the spray.

How Can I Be Assured My Pepper Spray Will Work When I Need It?

You should get in the habit of testing your defense spray every 90 days. To do this first go outside and determine which direction the wind is blowing. Remember to always stand upwind from the direction you are spraying. Depress the firing mechanism for 1⁄2 second. This test should be performed upon purchase and every 90 days after that. Be aware that every time you test your spray you reduce the contents of the canister. If you are using a key chain model and you test regularly you will need to replace the unit every 9 to 12 months if you follow the recommended testing procedure above. See the reference chart on the back of the packaging for additional information.

Do You Have Any Pepper Sprays That Can Be Used To Identify Any Burglars Who Might Steal From Your Home?

Those pepper sprays with the UV dye ingredient - The UV dye can only be viewed under a UV light. However, the pepper spray formulation itself has a very bright red color that even when mixed with other agents, will show up as at least a bright orange visible without a UV light.

Is It Legal For Me To Buy A Stun Gun Or TASER?

Again, since laws change frequently, it is important that you check your local laws to ensure the product you purchase is legal in your community. We will not sell stunning devices to anyone under the age of 18. We cannot sell or ship stunning devices (stun gun or TASER) to New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Michigan, Hawaii, or Rhode Island.

Is A Stun Gun Safe To Use?

Both medical and scientific communities have determined that the stun gun is completely safe because they cause no permanent damage to the attacker. In fact, they have no effect on involuntary muscles such as the heart and lungs. The Stun Gun will not permanently harm someone with a pacemaker.

Always carry self defense products such as Mace, pepper spray, a stun gun, personal alarms or a TASER.

Modified for this post. Original can be found at http://www.womenonguard.com

10 tips for avoiding crime

2010-07-22T16:19:00.000-07:00

Be Alert!
Keep your head up.
Be aware of your surroundings.
Vary Your Routines
Predictability makes you a more likely target.
Lock It!
Home, car, office - locks are your first line of defense.
Make Your Home A Tough Target
Use floodlights, motion sensors, a security system, deadbolts, etc.
Foil Car-jackers
Keep windows/doors locked; check mirrors and blind spot when stopped.
Stay one to one and a half lengths away from the car ahead of you.
Sound your horn and flash your lights if you think you're being approached by a car-jacker.
Avoid Car Thefts
Lock it!
Use an anti-theft device.
Turn the wheels when you park.
Never leave a spare key inside the car.
Park in a well-lighted place.
Put packages in the trunk.
Be Creative
Think of unusual ways to protect yourself and your valuables.
Be Informed
Learn the crime trends in your area and work to protect yourself against them.
Get Involved
Have your joined or organized a Neighborhood Watch?
Don't Give Up!
Crime can be reduced - with action, not apathy!

Stun Guns for Women

2010-07-02T17:33:00.000-07:00

Did you know that every 90 seconds, somewhere in America someone is sexually assaulted? 17.6% of all women in the United States have survived a completed or attempted rape. Also, the National College Women Sexual Victimization Study estimated that between 1 in 4 and 1 in 5 college women experience completed or attempted rape during their college years. As you can see, there is a need for women to defend themselves.

The ideal way for women to protect themselves is by learning self defense skills. It does not require any tools and can be used in any situation at any time. However, most people do not have time to take a self defense course. One thing you can learn without taking the course is awareness. Just knowing that crimes happen all the time and that you could be a victim can already save your life. Once you are aware of that, the next is to equip yourself for the situation.

The fact that most men are physically stronger that women is unarguable. Women need a more efficient way to protect themselves against violent crime. They need something powerful and easy to use so they can take down someone who is bigger and stronger than them. Stun guns and TASER devices might just do the job.

Check our website in order to find which device fits best to your needs...

The Ultimate Deterrent

2010-06-18T14:01:00.000-07:00

Most people are intimidated by stun guns, but why let that work against you?

Use it to intimidate a would-be attacker! Most stun guns are effective just being discharged into the air. If you saw one go off in someones hand, would you stick around?

Most people think a stun gun is something you have to use up close and person. Up close is not the best place to be in a situation where you may be a potential victim, but pulling it out before you have to use it is like cocking a shotgun at the top of the stairs. You are telling the attacker, “Come closer at your own risk.”

They not only give off a considerable amount of light, but the most impressive part of a stun gun is the noise. It is LOUD! The sound a stun gun makes is unmistakable. Even if you have never seen one in action, you know what it is when it goes off. Think of it as a police whistle that will make your would-be attacker lose all feeling in his legs.

The second most common misconception is that they are dangerous to use. Believe you me, they are. But a stun gun is not something to be scared of. On the contrary, once you familiarize yourself with it, your stun gun will feel just as comfortable to you as your house keys. One thing you have to keep in mind is that while you are using your stun gun on your would-be attacker, YOU ARE NOT SHOCKING YOURSELF! Even if the would be attacker is touching you, you won’t feel a thing. (But they will.) There are A LOT of personal protection devices on the market, and most of them work very well. But if you are looking for something discreet, with minimal size, but maximum protection, buy stun guns.

About the author:

Matthew Batcho is an entrepreneur and small business owner who has been actively involved in self defense for over 11 years. He loves to write and give advice on subjects such as business and personal development. Some of his work can be found on: http://www.peopleprotection.com/blog

What A Store Manager Learned The Hard Way

2010-06-03T11:02:00.000-07:00

A store manager in Chantilly, VA was that easy target in the very nature of business alone: check cashing, lottery, money order and wire services. Money is motivation for a robbery and that’s just what three men took advantage of.

What is the one thing that criminal is looking for? Opportunity. They don’t want to get tangled up in a messy show of their ignorance so they look for the easy targets.

The mastermind behind the crime convinced his online girlfriend to purchase a Taser with her credit card and have it shipped to her address. She in turn shipped it to this brilliant man who thought it couldn’t be traced that way, ha!

So the three stooges plan to knock off the Prime Mart and make off with as much cash as they could carry. The mastermind stayed back, but in contact with dumb and dumber by telephone. They run into the store, tie up the store manager who was alone and demand money. When the manager hesitated he got a nice wake-up call from 50,000 volts of electricity emitted by the Advanced Taser M18, now know as the M26. He was shocked 2 more times until he gave up over $30,000.

Now, before dumb and dumber stunned the manager they had to call their mastermind and ask how to use the Taser…ha. Don’t you know if I were running an establishment moving that kind of money, I would already have my Taser out and unleashed on both of these clowns.

I’ll say it now and I’ll say it again…get yourself prepared. Don’t get caught in a situation that could have been prevented or at least handled in a matter of 30 seconds if you just would have been prepared.

Whether you own a business or not, you need to be protected. You can check out Taser selection and other self defense products at our web site www.allamericanselfdefense.com

An Effective Personal Self Defense Plan

2010-05-25T16:58:00.000-07:00

We all know, as the unemployment rate rises, so does the crime rate. Whether you live in the city or the country crime is an unfortunate statistic. Carrying a personal self defense device is a good idea for any law abiding citizen. Having an effective personal self defense plan that includes a high voltage mini stun gun and a personal alarm on your key chain could be the difference between being a victim or a survivor. A self defense spray, high voltage mini stun gun or personal alarm is a great way to protect yourself and your loved ones. Deciding which one is right for you depends on your personal needs, circumstances and comfort level.

In a situation where you are able to see your attacker, such as when you are leaving work or going to your car after a day of shopping at the mall, a high voltage mini stun gun and a personal alarm with a key ring is a great combination. Before you leave the building, have your personal alarm and keys in your hand. Switch your mini stun gun to the ready or on position and either have it in your hand (best) or easily accessible. You can clip it to your purse strap or belt, or put it in an easy to reach pocket. You now have an effective personal self defense plan.

If you feel you are in danger of being attacked, activating your personal alarm or a quick burst of your mini stun gun will usually send your potential attacker running. If they are still not convinced (no one said criminals are smart) a few seconds of contact from your high voltage mini stun gun will give you more than enough time to run for safety. Once you are in a safe location, call 911 and give them the location of the incident, your current location, and if possible a good description of the attacker. And of course follow the 911 operator's instructions and do not hang up until you are told to do so.

Remember these key points and you will have the upper hand in any situation. Try to stay calm and alert. Criminals are desperate and not thinking rationally. Remaining calm will give you control of your situation. Having an effective personal self defense plan that includes a high voltage mini stun gun and a personal alarm on your key chain could be the difference between being a victim or a survivor.

Original article published on www.selfdefensearticles.com (03.28.10)

Using Pepper Spray - Techniques Tips

2010-05-07T14:12:00.000-07:00

Don´t Stick Your Hand Way Out When Firing
What is important not to do when using pepper spray? Never thrust your shooting hand out in front of you towards the assailant. He or she may react quickly and hit your hand aside or grab it! As you shoot, back up and continue backing up away from the assailant. This gives you a little more time and draws the assailant into the pepper spray. Good training.

Shout STOP When You Use Pepper Spray

Should I say anything when I use my pepper spray? Shouting "STOP" creates a slight diversion. Raising your arm outstretched toward the assailant may cause his immediate attention to be focused on that hand, not the one with the pepper spray. This gives you time to shoot the spray before the assailant can react.

Keep Your Eyes Open When Firing Pepper Spray
What are mistakes that I don’t want to make when I use pepper spray? Don’t ever shut your eyes! You may have to correct your aim slightly. You should shoot the spray for 2 to 3 seconds, nether a short squirt nor a long drenching. After shooting your pepper spray, the assailant will normally stop within seconds, blinded and virtually helpless due to uncontrollable coughing spasms. Once the assailant disables, stop spraying. Continue backing and concentrate on getting away!

Other Pepper Spray Technique Tips
What are wome other good pepper spray technique tips? If someone is attempting to attack you, always move off the line of force before spraying. Deliver the pepper spray by in a few short bursts of a second or so each in an "X" or "Z" pattern. You cannot always count on your target staying still and spraying in a pattern will help you hit the target. Then get out of there, and once you are safe, contact the police and report the attack. You want your description of the attack to be the first one they hear.

Practice is the Best Pepper Spray Technique
Do I need to practice using my pepper spray? It is vital that you give some thought in advance to how you will carry your pepper spray canister. Consider carrying the device in the same place whenever possible. That way, you won’t have to think, "where is it today?" in the heat of the moment. Try various carrying methods and practice drawing the weapon. Make sure you can draw your pepper spray quickly from wherever you’re keeping it. Good, accessible locations include inside a pants pocket, especially for the models with a clip.

How to Spray Your Pepper Canister
Exactly how do I spray my pepper spray? If you have to use your pepper spray make sure you have distance between you and the threat if at all possible. Aim the spray at the eyes and facial region of the threat then release a 1 to 2 second burst of spray. After you have done this MOVE out of the way but keep your eyes on the threat. Pepper spray ingredients can take a couple of moments to cause a reaction and by watching the reactions of the threat you will be able to determine if you will require another shot of pepper spray.

Effective Use of Pepper Spray
What is the most effective use of my pepper spray? One of the keys to effective use of pepper spray is timing and recognizing a potential threat and knowing when it becomes an assault! Exactly when you bring a pepper spray to bear on an assailant can be critical to the outcome of a situation. First you have to make sure the pepper spray is readily available and, second, through practice you can bring it to bear on the assailant quickly and accurately.

Basic Pepper Spray Shooting Technique
What is a basic pepper spray shooting technique? When you’re ready to shoot the pepper spray, go into a slight crouch with your weight evenly balanced on both feet, if you have the chance. Thrust your non-shooting hand straight out in front of you. At the same time, shout "STOP" as loud as you can. As you’re doing this raise your shooting hand with the pepper spray to eye level approximately 6 inches in front of your chin, aim over your outstretched arm and hand, and shoot toward the assailant’s face and head area.

Timing Your Pepper Spray is So Important
Is timing important when using pepper spray? There’s much more to using pepper spray than point and shoot! Remember, don’t raise, point, and shoot the spray until you’re ready to fire. Wait until the assailant is in range and you know the spray will hit him full in the face area and incapacitate him! The objective is to surprise him or her before they can have a chance to react or think.

Where to Aim Your Pepper Spray
How do I aim my pepper spray? Pepper spray should be directed at the assailants face at close range either in a stream, spray or mist and never sprayed wildly at a crowd. The technique to using is simple - keep following the head and keep spraying.

Use Pepper Spray Fanning Technique
What is fanning my pepper spray? Fanning is a pepper spray technique for hitting your mark. You spray the stream then move your dispersions path from side to to side until yon hit your mark! The stream also provides the heaviest blast of pepper (cans will empty faster).

When All You Can Do Is Get Your Pepper Spray Out
What is the most basic way to use pepper spray? Obviously you may not have time to shoot the pepper spray in such a textbook way. You may not have time to do anything but bring the spray up and start shooting. If that’s the case, don’t worry about aiming correctly, or even correcting aim. JUST SHOOT!

Catch Your Attacker by Surprise
Should I catch my attacker by surprise with my pepper spray? When used by surprise, pepper spray is an excellent distraction, allowing you time to get away.

About Carrying Pepper Spray in Your Purse
Are there any problems with carrying pepper spray in my purse? Sometimes women who keep pepper spray in their purse find themselves temporarily switching to another purse to match their shoes, transfering just their pocketbook or wallet to the other purse, forgetting their pepper spray. Also, the first indication that you need your spray may be when an assailant is already tugging on your purse. There were 64,440 purse snatchings in 2000. A pepper spray pager or a pepper spray keychain is a common type to carry in your purse.

When Carrying in Your Purse
Why should I carry pepper spray in my purse? You ever go anywhere without your purse or handbag? Of course not. Whether you are on your way to school, to work, shopping, or just to visit friends or family, you grab your purse on the way out the door. Then when you get out of your car, you take your purse, it’s always with you with your pepper spray inside. A purse can be a poor location because if it falls to the bottom, the canister is not always accessible. Always carry it in an outside purse compartment. A purse with an accessible, open pocket where the spray can’t get lost may be better than keeping it loose in the bag.

Pepper Spray Pager and Pepper Spray Pen
Is a pepper spray pen effective? A pepper spray pager or a pepper spray pen are an ideal way to carry for self protection at work.

Situations that Trigger Violence at Work
What are some situations that I might need my pepper spray at work? Common workplace triggers that might instigate violence are terminations, layoffs, bad performance evaluations, and believing they were past over for promotion. A problem that we now recognize is that supervisors are often ill equipped to handle such emotional needs of those they oversee. If the employee knows that you have your pepper spay pen handy, they may not make trouble.

Why Carry Pepper Spray at Work
Is it a good idea to carry pepper spray to work? Workplace homicide is the leading cause of death among female workers in the US and is the second leading cause of death for men. Aside from homicides, we can't forget about the 18,000 employees who are non-fatally assaulted every week while on the job. Don’t be a victim, keep pepper spray within easy reach.

Don´t Use Pepper Spray in a Moving Car
Is pepper spray safe to use inside a car? Don't ever use pepper spray in a moving vehicle. It will tend to disable the driver with deadly results.

Original information found @ http://pepperspray.lifetips.com

Before You Buy That Self Defense Product...

2010-04-20T16:21:00.000-07:00

By Rob Goyette

Self-defense products are gaining in popularity because they are effective against attacks, and they don't take as much time to learn. Martial arts or other self-defense courses are great to learn, but for many people, they take too much time to learn, and can be expensive. Besides, you are not always going to have the opportunity to use your self-defense skills so you might need other ways to defend yourself. Self-defense products are one way to go.
But, before you go out and purchase a self-defense mechanism, you should consider some of the following points:

Find out which one is best for you - Not much sense carrying around throwing stars or a set of SAP gloves if you aren't trained in martial arts or how to throw a good punch. Learn what product is going to be right for you.
Learn to use the self-defense product properly - Having a self-defense product and not knowing how to use it can injure you as easily as it can hurt your assailant. Once you have chosen a self-defense product, ask for proper instructions on how to use it, or take a course in using the products properly. You aren't helping the cause if you hurt yourself before your defend yourself.
Make sure you are legally able to carry this item - You don't want the embarrassment of being harassed by local law enforcement, then take the time to see if you are allowed to carry the self-defense product your have chosen. Some may need permits or other permission before you can carry them around in public.
Don't carry more than you need - If pepper spray is going to give you the jump you need to parry away an assailant, then there is really no need to carry air guns, slingshots or a taser. When the moment comes for you to use the self-defense product, you don't want to have to fumble around to choose which one to use.

Self defense products can get you out of a sticky situation - there is no doubt about that. But, unless you know what you need, how to use that product, and if it is legal, you may be getting more than you've bargained for. You can actually do yourself more harm that good by not knowing what self-defense products are right for you.

Do your homework before you invest time and money into self-defense products. They can save your life, your money and provide you with peace of mind.

Article Source: Ezine Articles

Stun Guns Laws and Restrictions

2010-04-13T18:31:00.000-07:00

STATES WHERE STUN GUNS ARE RESTRICTED:

HAWAII
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
NEW JERSEY
NEW YORK
RHODE ISLAND
WISCONSIN

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CITIES WHERE STUN GUNS ARE RESTRICTED:

ANNAPOLIS, MD
BALTIMORE, MD
BALTIMORE COUNTY, MD
CHICAGO, IL
DENSION / CRAWFORD COUNTY, IA (*According to Sheriff Tom Hogan*)
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
PHILADELPHIA

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COUNTRIES THAT STUN GUNS ARE RESTRICTED:

AUSTRALIA
BELGIUM
CANADA
DENMARK
HONG KONG
INDIA (POLICE USE ONLY)
ITALY
JAPAN
NEW ZEALAND
NORWAY
SWEDEN
SWITERLAND
UNITED KINGDOM

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PENAL CODES AFFECTING AIR TASER, STUN GUNS & STUN BATONS.

STATE RESTRICTIONS:

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Illegal

District of Columbia Law. DC Code Ann. Title 6, Chapter 23. Firearms Control. Subchapter I. General Provisions 6-2302.
(7) "Destructive device" means:
(B) "Any device by whatever name known which will, or is designed, or may be readily converted or restored, to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive or other propellant through a smooth bore barrel, except a shotgun."
(D) Any device designed or redesigned, made or remade, or readily converted or restored, and intended to stun or disable a person by means of electric shock.
Subchapter II. Firearms and Destructive Devices. General Provision 6-2311. Registration requirements:
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, no person or organization in the District of Columbia ("District") shall receive, possess, control, transfer, offer for sale, sell, give, or deliver any destructive device, and no person or organization in the District shall possess or control any firearm, unless that person or organization holds a valid registration certificate for the firearm.
Subchapter V. Sales and Transfer of Firearms, Destructive Devices, and Ammunition. General Provision 6-2351. Sales and transfers prohibited. No person or organization shall sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any firearm, destructive device or ammunition in the District except as provided in *** 6-2352, or 6-2375.

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned in Washington, DC.

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HAWAII: Illegal

Hawaii State Law. Rev. Stats. Title 10, Chapter 134. Firearms, Ammunition and Dangerous Weapons. Part 1. General Regulations. Chapter 134-1 Definitions.
"Electric gun" means any portable device that is electrically operated to project a missile or electromotive force.
Chapter 134-16 Restriction on possession, sale, gift or delivery of electric guns.
(a) It shall be unlawful for any person, including a licensed manufacturer, licensed importer or licensed dealer, to possess, offer for sale, hold for sale, sell, give, lend or deliver any electric gun.
(b) Any electric gun in violation of subsection (a) shall be confiscated and disposed of by the chief of police.

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned in Hawaii.

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MASSACHUSETTS: Illegal

Massachusetts State Law. Ann. Laws of Massachusetts. Chapter 140. Sale of Firearms. Section 131J: Sale or possession of electrical weapons; penalties. Section 131J. No person shall sell, offer for sale or possess a portable device or weapon from which an electric current, impulse, wave or beam may be directed, which current, impulse, wave or beam is designed to incapacitate temporarily, injure or kill. Whoever violates this provision of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred nor more than one thousand dollars or by imprisonment for not less than six months nor more than two years in a jail or house of correction, or both.

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned in Massachusetts.

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MICHIGAN: Illegal

The Michigan Penal Code Act 328 of 1931. Chapter 750.224a Portable device or weapon directing electrical current, impulse, wave, or beam; sale or possession prohibited; testing.
(1) A person shall not sell, offer for sale, or possess in this state a portable device or weapon from which an electric current, impulse, wave or beam is designed to incapacitate temporarily, injure, or kill.
(3) A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony.

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned in Michigan.

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NEW JERSEY: Illegal

New Jersey State Law. New Jersey Stat. Ann. Title 2C. New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice. Chapter 39-1. Prohibited weapons and devices.
(Section "r" summarized from Chapter 2C:39-1) "Weapon" means anything readily capable of lethal use or of inflicting serious bodily injury. The term includes, but is not limited to all (4) stun guns; and any weapon or (this section refers to tear gas and has been updated in 1995) other device which projects, releases, or emits tear gas or any other substance intended to produce temporary physical discomfort or permanent injury through being vaporized or otherwise dispensed in the air.
(t) "Stun gun" means any weapon or other device which emits an electrical charge or current intended to temporarily or permanently disable a person.
Senate, No. 2871 -- L.1985, c. 360
Senate Bill No. 2781, as amended by the Senate Law, Public Safety and Defense Committee, prohibits as a crime of the fourth degree the possession of a stun gun by any person, including a law enforcement officer. A crime of the fourth degree carries a penalty of imprisonment for up to 18 months, a fine of up to $7,500, or both. Prior to being amended the bill classified possession of a crime in the third degree. {Editor’s Note: According to Len Lawson of NJ Legislative Council, (609) 292-4625) NJ does not classify crimes in felonies versus misdemeanors. The highest crimes are in first degree on down to fourth degree. A fourth degree penalty is a serious charge and is generally considered a misdemeanor in common terms. It is however an indictable offense. A fourth degree crime does contain "a presumption of non-custodial sentencing," meaning that there is not imprisonment if there are no prior convictions. In some cases the sentencing is obviated from one’s record if there is a period of good behavior following the charge.}
The committee amended the bill to include a provision authorizing the Attorney General, at his discretion, to exempt law enforcement officers from the prohibition against possession stun guns.
The bill also was amended by the committee to include stun guns in the definition of "weapon" in paragraph r. N.J.S. 2C:39-1.
(Chapter 2C:39-1)
(h) Stun guns. Any person who knowingly has in his possession any stun gun is guilty of a crime in the fourth degree.

SUMMARY: Possession is banned of Stunning Devices in New Jersey.

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NEW YORK: Illegal

New York Consolidated Law (McKinney’s) Book 39. Penal Law.
Article 265. Firearms and Other Dangerous Weapons 265.00
15-a. "Electronic dart gun" means any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to momentarily stun, knock out or paralyze a person by passing an electrical shock to such person by means of a dart or projectile.
15-c. "Electronic stun gun" means any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to momentarily stun, cause mental disorientation, knock out or paralyze a person by passing a high voltage electrical shock to such person.
Article 265.01 Criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree. A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree when: (1) He possesses any firearm, electronic dart gun, electronic stun gun ***; or ***

SUMMARY: Possession is banned of Stunning Devices in New York.

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RHODE ISLAND: Illegal

General Laws of Rhode Island. Title 11, Chapter 47. Statute Subsection 11-47-42. Weapons other than firearms prohibited. - (A) No person shall carry or possess or attempt to use against another, any instrument or weapon of the kind commonly known as a *** stun gun ***. Any person violating the provisions of this subsection, shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars ($500), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and imprisonment, and the weapon so found shall be confiscated.

SUMMARY: Possession and use of Stunning Devices are banned.

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WISCONSIN: Illegal

Wisconsin Sta. Ann. Chapter 939. Crimes - General Provisions. Chapter 939.22 Words and phrases defined. (10) Dangerous weapon" means any firearm, whether loaded or unloaded ***; any device designed as a weapon and capable of producing great harm ***; any electric weapon, as defined in s. 941.295(4); or any other device or instrumentality which, in the manner it is used or intended to be used, is calculated or likely to produce death or great bodily harm.
Chapter 941.295 Possession of electric weapon. Subsection (1) On or after July 1, 1982, whoever sells, transports, manufactures, possesses or goes armed with any electric weapon is guilty of a Class E felony. Subsection (4) In this section, "electric weapon" means any device which is designed, redesigned, used or intended to be used, offensively or defensively, to immobilize or incapacitate persons by the use electric current.

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned.

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CITY/COUNTY RESTRICTIONS:

CHICAGO: Illegal
Publisher’s Note: The following jurisdictions require waiting periods or notifications to law enforcement officials before weapons may be delivered to purchasers:
Chicago - application approval/denial for:
(1) Registration : 120 days
(2) Re-registration: e.g., by an heir, 365 days)

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned in Chicago. (More information required on City of Chicago Ordinance)

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ANNAPOLIS: Illegal

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BALTIMORE: Illegal (Including Baltimore County)
Baltimore City Code 115. Stun guns and similar devices. (e) It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to sell, give away, lend, rent or transfer to any individual, firm or corporation a stun gun or other electronic device by whatever name or description which discharges a non-projectile electric current within the limits of the City of Baltimore. It further shall be unlawful for any person to possess, fire or discharge any such stun gun or electronic device within the City. Nothing in this subsection shall be held to apply to any member of the Baltimore City Police Department or any other law enforcement officer while in the performance of his or her official duty (Ord. 385. 1985).
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HOWARD COUNTY, MD: Illegal
Sec. 8.404. Sale or possession of electronic weapons prohibited. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to sell, give away, lend, rent or transfer to any individual, firm or corporation an electronic weapon within the limits of Howard County. It further shall be unlawful for any person to possess, fire, discharge or activate any electronic weapon within the limits of Howard County. (C.B. 38 1985).

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PHILADELPHIA: Illegal
Philadelphia City Ordinance. Statute 10-825 Stun Guns. (1) Definitions. (a) Stun Gun. Any device which expels or projects a projectile which, upon coming in contact with a person, is capable of inflicting injury or an electric shock to such person. (2) Prohibited conduct. Nor person shall own, use, possess, sell or otherwise transfer any "stun gun." (3) Penalty. Any person violating any provision of this section shall be subject to a fine or not more than three hundred (300) dollars and /or imprisonment for not more than ninety (90 days.)

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NEW YORK CITY: Illegal
Administrative Code of the City of New York 10-135 Prohibition on sale and possession of electronic stun guns.
a. As used in this section, "electronic stun gun" shall mean any device designed primarily as a weapon, the purpose of which is to stun, render unconscious or paralyze a person by passing an electronic shock to such person, but shall not include an "electronic dart gun" as such term is defined in section 265.00 of the penal law.
b. It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or offer for sale or to have in his or her possession within the jurisdiction of the city any electronic gun.
c. Violation of this section shall be a class A misdemeanor. [Exemptions under this section are provided for police officers operating under regular department procedures or guidelines and for manufacturers of electronic stun guns scheduled for bulk shipment. NOTE: The electronic stun gun is not a "firearm" under the Federal Gun Control Act of 1968 because it does not "...expel a projectile by the action of an explosive..."]

SUMMARY: Possession and sales of Stunning Devices are banned in New York City

Before You Buy That Self Defense Product...

2010-04-13T17:22:00.000-07:00

By Rob Goyette

But, before you go out and purchase a self-defense mechanism, you should consider some of the following points:

Find out which one is best for you - Not much sense carrying around throwing stars or a set of SAP gloves if you aren't trained in martial arts or how to throw a good punch. Learn what product is going to be right for you.
Learn to use the self-defense product properly - Having a self-defense product and not knowing how to use it can injure you as easily as it can hurt your assailant. Once you have chosen a self-defense product, ask for proper instructions on how to use it, or take a course in using the products properly. You aren't helping the cause if you hurt yourself before your defend yourself.
Make sure you are legally able to carry this item - You don't want the embarrassment of being harassed by local law enforcement, then take the time to see if you are allowed to carry the self-defense product your have chosen. Some may need permits or other permission before you can carry them around in public.
Don't carry more than you need - If pepper spray is going to give you the jump you need to parry away an assailant, then there is really no need to carry air guns, slingshots or a taser. When the moment comes for you to use the self-defense product, you don't want to have to fumble around to choose which one to use.

Do your homework before you invest time and money into self-defense products. They can save your life, your money and provide you with peace of mind.

Article Source: Ezine Articles